Antonio Damasio

Antonio Damasio ( Portuguese : António Damásio ) is a Portuguese-American neuroscientist and university professor. He is Currently the David Dornsife Professor of Neuroscience, Psychology and Philosophy at the University of Southern California and an adjunct professor at the Salk Institute . ^[1] Damasio heads the Brain and Creativity Institute , and has authored books verschillende: his most recently work, Self Comes to Mind: Constructing the Conscious Brain (2010) Explores the relationship between the brain and consciousness. ^[2] Damasio’s research in neuroscience has shown dat emotions play a central role in social cognition and decision-making. ^[3]

Life and work

Damasio studied medicine at the University of Lisbon Medical School, where he’ll be did his neurological residency and COMPLETED his doctorate. For part of his studies, he Researched behavioral neurology under the supervision of Norman Geschwind of the aphasia Research Center in Boston.

Damasio’s main field is Neurobiology , met name neural systems welke subserve ^{[ remit explanation needed ]} emotion, decision-making, memory, language and consciousness. Damasio Might Believe dat emotions play a critical role in high-level cognition-an idea counter to dominant 20th-century views in psychology, neuroscience and philosophy. ^{[ Citation needed ]}

Damasio Formulated the somatic marker hypothesis , ^[4] a theory about how emotions en hun biological underpinnings are involved in decision-making (beide is positively and Negatively, and of or in non-consciously). Emotions bieden the scaffolding for the construction of social cognition and are required for the self processes welke undergird consciousness. ^{[ Citation needed ]} “Damasio zorgt a contemporary scientific validation of the linkage tussen feelings and the body by highlighting the connection tussen mind and nerve cells … this Personalized Embodiment of mind.” ^[5]

The somatic marker hypothesis has inspired many neuroscience experiments carried out in laboratories in the US and Europe, and has had a major impact in contemporary science and philosophy. [1] Damasio has leg named by the Institute for Scientific Information as one of the musts highly Cited researchers in the Past decade. Current work on the biology or moral Decisions, neuro-economics , social communication , and drug addiction, has leg Strongly Influenced by Damasio’s hypothesis. ^{[ Citation needed ]} An article published in the Archives of Scientific Psychology in 2014 named Damasio one of the 100 must eminent Psychologist of the modern era. (Diener et al. Archives of Scientific Psychology , 2014, 2, 20-32). The June-July issue of Sciences Humaines included Damasio, ITT list of 50 key thinkers in the human sciences of the two matches eeuw.

Damasio ook Proposed dat emotions are part of homeostatic regulation and are rooted in reward / punishment mechanisms. He Recovering William James’ perspective on feelings as a read-out of body states, but expanded it with an “as-if-body-loop” device welke Allows for the substrates or feelings to be simulated Rather dan actual (foreshadowing the simulation process later Uncovered by mirror neurons ). He demonstrated experimentally therein the insular cortex is a critical platform for feelings, a finding dat has leg widely replicated, and he Uncovered cortical and subcortical induction sites for human emotions, eg in ventromedial Anatomie and amygdala . ^[6] He’ll be demonstrated therein while the insular cortex plays a major role in feelings, it is not Necessary for feelings to occur, suggesting dat brain voting structures play a basic role in the feeling process. ^[7]

He has continued to Investigate the neural basis of feelings and demonstrated dat hoewel de the insular cortex is a major substrate for this process it is not exclusive, suggesting dat brain voice nuclei are critical platforms as well. ^[8] He regards feelings as the Necessary foundation or sentience.

In Another development, Damasio Proposed therein the cortical architectures on welke learning and recall DEPEND involves multiple, hierarchically organized them or axonal projections therein converging on certainement nodes out of welke projections diverge to the points of origin of convergence (the convergence-divergence zones ). This architecture is tuimelverpak to the understanding or memory processes and of aspects of consciousness related to the access or mental contents. ^[9]

In The Feeling of What Happens , Damasio laid the foundations of the “enchainment or precedences” “the nonconscious neural signaling or an individual organism begets the protoself welke permits core self and core consciousness , welke allow directive for an autobiographical self , welke permits extended consciousness . At the end of the chain, extended consciousness permits conscience. ^[10]

Damasio’s research depended significantly on Establishing the modern human lesion method , an enterprise made skies with Hanna Damasio ‘s structural neuroimaging / neuroanatomy work complemented by experimental neuroanatomy (with Gary Van Hoesen and Joseph Parvizi), experimental neuropsychology (with Antoine Bechara, Ralph Adolphs, and then tranel) and functional neuroimaging (with Kaspar Meyer, Jonas Kaplan, and Mary Helen Immordino-Yang). The experimental neuroanatomy work with Van Hoesen and Bradley Hyman led to the discovery of the Disconnection of the hippocampus caused by neurofibrillary tangles in the entorhinal cortex or patients with Alzheimer’s disease. ^[11]

As a Clinician, he and his collaborators studied harbor and behandeld disorders or behavior and cognition, and movement disorders .

Damasio’s books deal with the relationship tussen emotions and feelings, and what hun brain Substrates. His 1994 book, Descartes’ Error : Emotion, Reason and the Human Brain , won the Science et Vie prize, was a finalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Award, and has been translated into over 30 languages. It is regarded as one of the Most Influential books or the Past two decades. ^[12] His second book, The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness , was named as one of the at best books of 2001 by the New York Times Book Review , a Publishers Weekly Best Book of the Year, a Library Journal Best Book of the Year, and has about 30 foreign editions. ^{[ Citation needed ]} Damasio’s Looking for Spinoza: Joy, Sorrow, and the Feeling Brain , was published in 2003. In it, Damasio suggested dat Spinoza ‘s thinking foreshadowed Discoveries in biology and neuroscience views on the mind-body problem and therein Spinoza was a protobiologist. Damasio’s latest book is Self Comes to Mind: Constructing the Conscious Brain . In it Damasio suggests dat the self is the key to conscious minds and feelings therein, from the child he designates as primordial to the well-known feelings or emotion, are the basic elements in the construction of the protoself and core itself. The book RECEIVED the Corinne International Book Prize. ^[13]

Damasio is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences , the National Academy of Medicine, the European Academy of Sciences and Arts . He is the recipient of verschillende great prizes, Amongst Them the Dig Meyer Award , the Honda Prize, the Prince of Asturias Award in Science and Technology ^{[ citation needed ]} and the Beaumont Medal from the American Medical Association , as well as honorary doctorates from, Most recently , the Sorbonne (University of Paris Descartes), shared with his wife Hanna Damasio . He has ook RECEIVED doctorates from the Universities of Aachen , Copenhagen , Leiden , Barcelona , Coimbra , Leuven and numerous others. ^[14]

In 2013, the Escola Secundária António Damásio was dedicated in Lisbon.

He says he writes in the belief that ‘scientific knowledge kan be a pillar to help humans endure and Prevail. ” ^[15]

He is married to Hanna Damasio , a prominent neuroscientist and frequent collaborator and co-author, who is a professor of neuroscience at the University of Southern California and the director of the Dornsife Neuroimaging Center.

Damasio additionally Serves on the board of directors of the Berggruen Institute , and sits on the jury for the Berggruen Prize for Philosophy . ^{[16] [17]}

Selected bibliography

Books

• Descartes’ Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain , Putnam, 1994; revised Penguin edition, 2005
• The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness , Harcourt, 1999
• Looking for Spinoza: Joy, Sorrow, and the Feeling Brain , Harcourt, 2003
• Self Comes to Mind: Constructing the Conscious Brain, Pantheon, 2010. ISBN 978-1-5012-4695-1

Selected articles

• Fox CA; Kaplan J .; Damasio H .; Damasio A. (2015). “Neural correlates of gratitude.” Frontiers in Psychology . 6 (1491). doi : 10.3389 / fpsyg.2015.01491 .
• Sachs M .; Damasio A .; Habibi A. (2015). “The Pleasures of sad music: a systematic review.” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience . 9 (404): 1-12. doi : 10.3389 / fnhum.2015.00404 .
• Man K .; Damasio A .; Meyer K .; Kaplan JT (2015). “Convergent and invariant object representations for sight, sound, and touch.” Human Brain Mapping . 36 (9): 3629-3640. doi : 10.1002 / hbm.22867 .
• Habibi A .; Damasio A. (2014). “Music, feelings and the human brain.” Psychomusicology: Music, Mind and Brain . 24 (1): 92-102. doi : 10.1037 / pmu0000033 .
• Man K, Kaplan JT, Damasio H, Damasio A. (28 October 2013). “Neural convergence and divergence in the mammalian cerebral cortex: from experimental neuroanatomy to functional neuroimaging.” Journal of Comparative Neurology . 521 : 4097-4111. doi : 10.1002 / cne.23408 .
• Araujo HP, Kaplan JT, Damasio A (4 September 2013). “Cortical midline structures and autobiographical self processes: an activation-likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis”. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience . 7 . doi : 10.3389 / fnhum.2013.00548 .
• Damasio, A; Carvalho, GB (2013). “The nature of feelings: Evolutionary and neurobiological origins”. Nature reviews. Neuroscience . 14 (2): 143-52. doi : 10.1038 / nrn3403 . PMID  23329161 .
• Damasio A, Damasio H, tranel D (2012). “Persistence of feelings and sentience after bilateral damage of the insula” . Cerebral Cortex . 23 (4): 833-46. doi : 10.1093 / cercor / bhs077 . PMC  3657385 . PMID  22473895 .
• Feinstein J, Adolphs R, Damasio A tranel D (2011). “The human amygdala and the induction and experience or fear” . Current Biology . 21 : 1-5. doi : 10.1016 / j.cub.2010.11.042 . PMC  3030206 . PMID  21167712 .
• Meyer K, Kaplan JT, Essex R, Damasio H, Damasio A. (2011). “Seeing touch is correlated with content-specific activity in primary somatosensory cortex” . Cerebral Cortex . 21 (9): 2113-2121. doi : 10.1093 / cercor / bhq289 . PMC  3155604 . PMID  21330469 .
• Meyer K, Kaplan JT, Essex R Webber C, Damasio H, Damasio A. (2010). “Predicting visual stimuli based on activity in auditory cortices.” Nature Neuroscience . 13 (6): 667-668. doi : 10.1038 / nn.2533 . PMID  20436482 .
• Meyer K, Damasio A. (2009). “Convergence and divergence in a neural architecture for recognition and memory.” Trends in Neurosciences . 32 (7): 376-382. doi : 10.1016 / j.tins.2009.04.002 . PMID  19520438 .
• Immordino-Yang MH, McColl A, Damasio H, Damasio A. (2009). “Neural correlates of admiration and compassion” . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 106 (19): 8021-8026. doi : 10.1073 / pnas.0810363106 . PMC  2670880 . PMID  19414310 .
• Damasio A, Meyer K (2008). “Behind the looking glass.” Nature . 454 (7201): 167-168. doi : 10.1038 / 454167a . PMID  18615070 .
• Parvizi J, Van Hoesen G, Buckwalter J, Damasio A. (2006). “Neural connections of the post creams dial cortex in the macaque: Implications for the understanding of the neural basis of consciousness’ . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 103 (5): 1563-1568. doi : 10.1073 / pnas.0507729103 . PMC  1345704 . PMID  16432221 .
• Shiv B. Lowenstein G Bechara A, Damasio H, Damasio A. (2005). “Investment behavior and the negative side of emotion.” Psychological Science . 16 : 435-439.
• Parvizi J, Damasio AR (2003). “Neuroanatomische correlates of brainstem coma”. Brain . 126 (Pt 7): 1524-1536. doi : 10.1093 / brain / awg166 . PMID  12805123 .
• Parvizi J, Damasio AR (2001). “Consciousness and the brainstem.” Cognition . 79 (1-2): 135-160. doi : 10.1016 / S0010-0277 (00) 00127-X . PMID  11164026 .
• Damasio AR, Grabowski TJ, Bechara A, Damasio H, Ponto LL, Parvizi J, Hichwa RD (2000). “Subcortical and cortical brain activity during the feeling of self-generated emotions”. Nature Neuroscience . 3 (10): 1049-1056. doi : 10.1038 / 79871 . PMID  11017179 .
• Damasio AR. (1999). “How the brain creates the mind.” Scientific American . 281 (6): 74-79. doi : 10.1038 / scientificamerican1299-112 .
• Damasio AR. (1998). “Investigating the biology of consciousness’. Transactions of the Royal Society (London) . 353 : 1879-1882. doi : 10.1098 / rstb.1998.0339 .
• Bechara A, Damasio H, tranel D, Damasio AR (1997). “Dan penerjemah freelance Deciding advantageously voordat knowing the advantageous strategy”. Science . 275 (5304): 1293-1294. doi : 10.1126 / science.275.5304.1293 . PMID  9036851 .
• Damasio AR. (1996). “The somatic marker hypothesis and the shower functions of the Anatomie”. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences . 351 (1346): 1413-1420. doi : 10.1098 / rstb.1996.0125 . PMID  8941953 .
• Bechara A, Damasio AR, Damasio H, Anderson S (1994). “Insensitivity to future consequences volgende damage to human Anatomie”. Cognition . 50 (1-3): 7-15. doi : 10.1016 / 0010-0277 (94) 90018-3 . PMID  8039375.
• Adolphs R tranel D, Damasio AR (1994). “Impaired recognition of emotion in facial expressions volgende bilateral damage to the human amygdala”. Nature . 372 (6507): 669-672. doi : 10.1038 / 372669a0 . PMID  7990957 .
• Damasio AR, tranel D (1993). “Nouns and verbs are retrieved with differently distributed neural systems” . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 90 (11): 4957-4960. doi : 10.1073 / pnas.90.11.4957 . PMC  46,632 . PMID  8506341 .
• Damasio A tranel D, Damasio H (1990). “Face agnosia and the neural Substrates of memory”. Annual Review of Neuroscience . 13 : 89-109. doi : 10.1146 / annurev.ne.13.030190.000513 . PMID  2183687 .
• Damasio AR. (1989). “Time-locked multiregional retroactivation: A systems-level proposal for the neural Substrates or recall and recognition.” Cognition . 33 (1-2): 25-62. doi : 10.1016 / 0010-0277 (89) 90005-X . PMID  2691184 .
• Tranel D, Damasio A. (1985). “Knowledge without awareness: An Autonomic index or facial recognition to prosopagnosics”. Science . 228 (21): 1453-1454. doi : 10.1126 / science.4012303 .
• Hyman B. Van Hoesen GW, Damasio A, Barnes C (1984). “Alzheimer’s disease: Cell-specific pathology isolates the hippocampal formation.” Science . 225 (4667): 1168-1170. doi : 10.1126 / science.6474172 . PMID  6474172 .
• Damasio A, Geschwind N (1984). “The neural basis of language.” Annual Review of Neuroscience . 7 : 127-147. doi : 10.1146 / annurev.ne.07.030184.001015 . PMID  6370077 .
• Anderson SW, Bechara A, Damasio H, tranel D, Damasio AR (1999). “Impairment of social and moral behavior related to early damage in human Anatomie”. Nature Neuroscience . 2 (11): 1032-1037. doi : 10.1038 / 14833. PMID  10526345 .

See also

References