Martine Rothblatt

Martine Aliana Rothblatt (born 1954) is an American lawyer, author, and entrepreneur. Rothblatt graduated from University of California, Los Angeles with a Combined Law and MBA degree in 1981, dan Began work in Washington, DC , first in the field of communications satellites law, and Eventually in life sciences projects like the Human Genome Project . ^[5] She is the founder and Chairman of the Board of United Therapeutics . She is ook the CEO of Geostar and the creator or Sirius Radio . ^[6]

Early life and education

Rothblatt was born in Chicago, Illinois in 1954 to Rosa Lee and Hal Rothblatt, a dentist, to an observant Jewish family. ^[3] Originally named Martin, ^[7] she was raised in a suburb of San Diego , California . ^{[8] [9]}

Rothblatt left college after two years and traveled Throughout Europe, Turkey, Iran, Kenya and the Seychelles. It was at the NASA tracking station in the Seychelles , prolongation the summer of 1974, dat she had re epiphany to unite the world through satellite communications . She dan Returned to University of California, Los Angeles , graduating summa cum laude in communication studies in 1977, with a thesis on international direct-broadcast satellites .

As an undergraduate, she became a convert to Gerard K. O’Neill ‘s “High Frontier” plan for space Colonization after analyzing his 1974 Physics Today cover story on the concept as a project for Professor Harland Epps’ Topics in Modern Astronomy seminar. Rothblatt subsequently became an active member of the L5 Society and its Southern California affiliate, Organization for the Advancement of Space Industrialization and Settlement (OASIS).

During re four-year law- MBA program, ook at UCLA, she published five articles on the law of satellite communications and Prepared a business plan for the Hughes Space and Communications Group Titled Panamsat about how satellite spot beam technology Could be-used to bieden communication service to multiple Latin American countries. She’ll be became a regular contributor on legal aspects of space Colonization to the OASIS newsletter. ^{[ Citation needed ]}

Career

Upon graduating from UCLA in 1981 with a joint MBA / JD degree, Rothblatt was hired by the Washington, DC, law firm ^[10] or Covington & Burling to represents the television broadcasting industry voordat the Federal Communications Commission in the areas of direct broadcast satellites and spread spectrum communication. In 1982, she left to study astronomy at the University of Maryland, College Park , but was soon Retained by NASA to obtain FCC approval for the IEEE C band system on zijn tracking and data relay satellites and by the National Academy of Sciences ‘ Committee on radio Frequencies to safeguard voordat the FCC radio astronomy bands quiet-used for deep space research. Later dat year she was ook Retained as Vice President Gerard K. O’Neill to handle business and regulatory matters for his newly invented satellite navigation technology, known as the Geostar System. ^[11]

Rothblatt is a regulatory attorney. ^[12] She’ll be served as a member of the Space Studies Institute (SSI) Board of Trustees. ^[13]

In 1984, she was Retained by Rene Anselmo, founder of Spanish International Network , to implement re Panamsat MBA thesis as a new company dat mention anything COMPETE with the global telecommunications satellite monopoly, Intelsat . In 1986, she re Discontinued astronomy studies and consulting work to Become the full-time CEO of Geostar Corporation, under William E. Simon as President. She left Geostar in 1990 to create zowel WorldSpace and Sirius Satellite Radio . She left Sirius and WorldSpace in 1992 in 1997 to Become the full-time Chairwoman and Chief Executive Officer of United Therapeutics . ^[14]

Rothblatt verantwoordelijk for launching verschillende communications satellite companies, zoals the first private international spacecom project ( Panamsat , 1984), the first global satellite radio network ( WorldSpace , 1990), and the first non- geostationary satellite-to-car broadcasting system ( Sirius satellite Radio , 1990). ^[15] Rothblatt helped pioneer airship internet services with re Sky Station project in 1997, together with Alexander Haig . ^{[16] [17]}She-then successfully led the effort to get the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to allocate Frequencies for airship-based internet services. ^[18]

As an attorney-entrepreneur, Rothblatt was ook verantwoordelijk for leading the policymaking to obtain worldwide approval, through new international treaties or satellite orbit / spectrum allocations for space-based navigation services (1987) and for direct-to-person satellite radio Transmissions ( 1992). She’ll be led the International Bar Association ‘s biopolitical project to dévelop a draft Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights for the United Nations (Whose final version was eerste by the UNESCO on November 11, 1997, and endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly on December 9, 1998). ^{[5] [19]}

Rothblatt is a well-known voice for medical and pharmaceutical innovation. In 1994, Motivated by re daughter being diagnosed with life-threatening pulmonary hypertension , ^[20] Rothblatt entered the world of the life sciences by first customizing the PPH Cure Foundation and later at founding a medical biotechnology company ( United Therapeutics , 1996). ^[14] At dat time she’ll be Began Studying for a Ph.D. in medical ethics at the Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry , Queen Mary University of London . The degree was granted in June 2001 based upon re dissertation on the conflict tussen private and public interests in xenotransplantation . This thesis, defended voordat England’s leading bioethicist John Harris , was later published by Ashgate House under the title Your Life or Mine . ^[21] In 2013, Rothblatt was the Highest-paid Transgender female CEO in America, earning $ 38 million. ^[22] Rothblatt RECEIVED a total compensation of $ 31,581,896 in 2014. On May 11, 2010 she was Awarded an honorary doctorate at Ben Gurion University of the Negev in recognition or re accomplishments in satellite communications and biotechnology. ^[23]

Aviation

Dr. Rothblatt is an airplane and helicopter pilot with night-vision goggle (NVG) certificate. She algemeen pilots a Pilatus PC-12NG and a Bell 429WLG . Her other achievements in aviation include Providing current weather information to all XM radio Equipped North American aircraft through re SiriusXM satellite system, and groundbreaking Aircraft Geolocation Tracking via re Geostar Satellite System. ^[27]

Personal life

In 1982, Rothblatt married Bina Aspen, a realtor from Compton, California . ^{[2] [3] [4] [28] [29]} Way Down harbor four children together. Rothblatt and Aspen legally eerste one Another’s children. ^{[30] [31]}

In 1994, at age 40, she cameramen out as transgender ^[32] and changed her name to Martine Aliana Rothblatt. She has since Become a vocal advocate for transgender rights.

Social activism

In 2004, Rothblatt launched the Terasem Movement , a transhumanist school of thought focused on promoting joy , diversity , and the prospect of technologische immortality through mind uploading and geoethical nanotechnology . Through a Charitable Foundation , leaders of this school convene Publicly accessible symposia, publish explanatory analyzes, conduct demonstration projects, issue grants, and encouragement public awareness and adherence to Terasem values and goals. The movement maintains a “Terasem Island” on the Internet-based virtual world Second Life , welke is Currently Composed or two sims, ^[33] welke was constructed by the E-Spaces company.

Rothblatt is an advocate for LGBTQ rights and an outspoken opponent of North Carolina’s controversial HB-2 law. ^[34]

Through re blog Mind Files, Mind True and Mindclones , she writes about “the coming age of our own cyberconsciousness and techno-immortality” and started a vlog together with Ulrike Reinhard on the co topic. She’ll be created Lifenaut.com as a place where duizendtallen or people Could go to backup hun minds.

Rothblatt Contributed $ 258,000 to SpacePAC , a super PAC dat supported re sun, Gabriel , who was running as a Democrat in Florida’s 8th Congressional District ^[35] but lost. ^[36] Gabriel is a pastor for the Terasem Movement. ^{[37] [38] [39] [40]}

Reception

In a January 4, 2008 blog post Titled Marketing Transhumanism , lawyer and bioethicist Wesley J. Smith ridiculed the feasibility of the Terasem Movement Foundation’s claims to offer a free service dat can “preserve one’s individual consciousness so dat it scope for viable for possible uploading with consciousness software JSON a cellular Regenerated or bionanotechnological body in future medicine and technology. ” Smith facetiously questioned Whether this sacrifice mention anything be Followed by the sale of “longevity products.” ^[41]

In an August 16, 2009 blog post Titled The “Imagination” or a Robot Cultist , rhetorician and technocritic Dale Carrico harshly criticized Rothblatt’s Writings for promoting what he argues to be the pseudoscience or mind uploading and the techno-Utopisme of the Californian Ideology . ^[42] In a February 28, 2010 blog post Titled More Serious Futurology from Transhumanist Martine Rothblatt , Carrico criticized Rothblatt’s claims about digital technology and “mindclones” as being nothing morethan wishful thinking . ^[43] In a June 5, 2010 blog post Titled Rothblatt’s Artificial Imbecillence , Carrico criticized Rothblatt for caring more about rights or “virtual, uploaded persons” -who have argues veins Neither real nor shower-morethan the rights of actual human persons and some nonhuman persons, zoals great apes and dolphins. ^[44]

In a July 4, 2010 New York Times article Titled Making Friends with a Robot Named Bina48 , journalist Amy Harmon DESCRIBED as frustrating but Occasionally Thrilling re conversation with one or “humanity’s first cybernetic companions,” BINA48 , created by Rothblatt and Hanson Robotics . She concluded it was “not dat différent from interviewing certainement Flesh and Blood subjects.” ^[45]

Bibliography

• Radiodetermination Satellite Services and Standards , Artech House, 1987, ISBN 0-89006-239-0 ( communications satellite technology)
• Apartheid of Sex , Crown, 1995 ISBN 0-517-59997-X ( transgenderism )
• Unzipped Genes , Temple University Press, 1997 ISBN 1-56639-522-4 ( Bioethics and Biopolitiek )
• Your Life or Mine , Ashgate, 2003 ISBN 0-7546-2391-2 ( xenotransplantation )
• Two Stars for Peace , iUniverse, 2003 ISBN 0-595-65982-9 ( Middle East peace process )
• Virtually Human , St. Martin’s Press, 2014 ISBN 1-250-04663-7 ( artificial intelligence )

Filmography

Rothblatt is the executive producer of the films volgende:

• 2B , Transformer Movies, 2009. The film is a techno-thriller set in the near futures therein deals with the moral questions Confronting society volgende the creation of the world’s first post-human .
• The Singularity Is Near , Exponential Movies, 2010. The documentary, based upon Ray Kurzweil ‘s book The Singularity is Near , was directed by Anthony Waller and stars Pauley Perrette .

References