Naomi Oreskes

Naomi Oreskes (born November 25, 1958) ^[1] is an American historian of science . She became Professor of the History of Science and Affiliated Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Harvard University in 2013, after 15 years as Professor of History and Science Studies at the University of California, San Diego . ^[2] She has worked on studies of geophysics , environmental issues zoals global warming , and the history of science . In 2010, Oreskes co-authored Merchants or Doubt welke those given some Parallels tussen de climate change debate and earlier public controversies. ^[3]

Background

Oreskes is the daughter of Susan Eileen (Nagin), a teacher, and Irwin Oreskes, a professor. ^{[4] [5] [6]} She RECEIVED re Bachelor of Science in mining geology from the Royal School of Mines or Imperial College , University of London in 1981 and worked as a research assistant in the Geology Department and as a teaching assistant in the departments of Geology, Philosophy and Applied Earth Sciences at Stanford University starting in 1984. She RECEIVED re PhD degree in the Graduate Special Program in Geological Research and History of Science at Stanford in 1990. She RECEIVED a National Science Foundation ‘s Young Investigator Award in 1994.

She has worked as a consultant for the United States Environmental Protection Agency and US National Academy of Sciences , and has’ll be taught at Dartmouth , Harvard and New York University (NYU). She is the author of or has Contributed to a number of essays and technical reports in economic geology and science history ^[7] in addition under to verschillende books.

Oreskes was the Provost of the Sixth College at the University of California, San Diego .

Scientific methods and model validation

Oreskes worked on scientific methods, met model validation in the Earth sciences . ^[8]

In 1999, she participated as a consultant to the US Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board for ontwikkelingslanden a repository safety strategy for the Yucca Mountain project , with special attention to model validation. ^[9]

Science and society essay

Oreskes wrote an essay on science and society “Beyond the Ivory Tower: The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change” in the journal Science in January 2004. ^{[10] [11] [12]}

In the essay she Reported an analysis of “928 abstracts, published in refereed scientific journals tussen 1993 and 2003 and published in the ISI database with the keywords” climate change ”. ^[10] The essay stated the analysis was to test the hypothesis therein the drafting of reports and statements by societies zoals the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , American Association for the Advancement of Science and the National Academy of Sciences Might down play legitimate dissenting opinions on anthropogenic climate change . After the analysis, she concluded dat 75 percent of the Examined abstracts Either explicitly or implicitly backed the consensus view, while none rechtstreeks dissented from it. The essay RECEIVED a great deal of media attention from around the world and has leg Cited by many prominent persons zoals Al Gore in the movie An Inconvenient Truth .

In 2007, Oreskes expanded re-analyze, stating therein ongeveer 20 percent of abstracts explicitly endorsed the consensus on climate change therein: “Earth’s climate is being AFFECTED to human activities”. In addition under 55 percent of abstracts “implicitly” endorsed the consensus at Engaging in research to characterize the ongoing and / or future impact of climate change (50 percent of abstracts) or to mitigate predicted changes (5 percent). The REMAINING 25 percent dealing Either paleoclimate (10%) or ontwikkelingslanden measurement techniques (15%); Oreskes did not classify synthesis than taking a position on contemporary global climate change. ^[13]

Merchants or Doubt

Merchants or Doubt is a 2010 book by Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway . Oreskes and Conway, zowel American historiografie of science, Identify some remarkable Parallels tussen de climate change debate and earlier controversies over tobacco smoking , acid rain , and the hole in the ozone layer . Way Down argue dat spreading doubt and confusion was the basic strategy or Those Opposing action in lycra case. ^[3] In mn, Fred Seitz , Fred Singer , and a few other contrarian scientists joined forces with conservative think tanks and private corporations to challenge the scientific consensus on many contemporary issues. ^[14]

The conservative Marshall Institute has leg critical of the book, but must reviewers RECEIVED it “enthusiastically”. ^[15] One reviewer zegt dat Merchants or Doubt is exhaustively Researched and Documented and nov be one of the must important books or 2010. Another reviewer saw the book as his choice for best science book of the year. ^[16]

A film with the composition names , inspired by the book, was released in 2015. ^[17]

Bibliography

Books

• The Rejection of Continental Drift: Theory and Method in American Earth Science , Oxford University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-19-511733-6 ^[18]
• Plate Tektoniek: An Insider’s History of the Modern Theory of the Earth , Edited with Homer Le Grand, Westview Press, 2003, ISBN 0-8133-4132-9 ^[19]
• Perspectives on Geophysics, Special Issue of Studies in the History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 31B, Oreskes, Naomi and James R. Fleming, eds., 2000.
• Merchants or Doubt : How a Handful of Scientists obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming , Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway , Bloomsbury Press, 2010
• The Collapse of Western Civilization: A View from the Future , Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway, Columbia University Press , 2014
• Encyclical on Climate Change and Inequality: On Care for Our Common Home , Pope Francis , introduced by Naomi Oreskes (Brooklyn, NY: Melville House, 2015) ISBN 978-1-612-19528-5

Important papers

• Colin N. Waters et al .: The Anthropocene is Functionally and stratigraphically distinct from the Holocene . In: Science 351, No. 6269 (2016) doi : 10.1126 / science.aad2622 .
• Jan Zalasiewicz et al, When did the Anthropocene began? A mid-twentieth century boundary level is stratigraphically optimal . In: Quaternary International 383, 2015, 196-203, doi : 10.1016 / j.quaint.2014.11.045 .
• Stephan Lewandowsky et al, The “pause” in Global Warming: Turning a Routine Fluctuation JSON a Problem for Science . In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society in 2015, doi : 10.1175 / BAMS-D 14-00106.1 .
• Stephan Lewandowsky, Naomi Oreskes, James S. Risbey Ben R. Newell, Michael Smithson, Seepage: Climate change denial and its impact on the scientific community . In: Global Environmental Change 33, 2015, 1-13, doi : 10.1016 / j.gloenvcha.2015.02.013 .
• Risbey et al, Well-Estimated global surface warming in climate projections selected for ENSO phase . In Nature Climate Change 4, 2014, 835-840, doi : 10.1038 / nclimate2310 .
• Keynyn Brysse Naomi Oreskes, Jessica O’Reilly, Michael Oppenheimer , Climate change prediction: Erring on the side or least play? . In: Global Environmental Change 23, Issue 1, 2013, 327-337, doi : 10.1016 / j.gloenvcha.2012.10.008 .
• Naomi Oreskes, Erik M. Conway, defeating the merchants or doubt . In Nature 465, 686-687, doi : 10.1038 / 465686a .
• Naomi Oreskes, Science and Public Policy: what’s proof got to do with it? In: Environmental Science & Policy. 7, 2004, S. 369-383, doi : 10.1016 / j.envsci.2004.06.002 . ( Link )
• Naomi Oreskes, The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change. In: Science . Vol. 306, 4. Dezember 2004 doi : 10.1126 / science.1103618 . ( Link ).
• Naomi Oreskes, Kristin Shrader-Frechette , Kenneth Belitz, Verification, Validation, and Confirmation of Numerical Models in the Earth Sciences . In: Science 263, No. 5147, 1994, 641-646, doi : 10.1126 / science.263.5147.641 , Link .
• Murray W. Hitzman, Naomi Oreskes, Marco T. Einaudi, Geological characteristics and Tectonic setting of Proterozoic iron oxide (Cu-U-Au-LREE) deposits . In Precambrian Research 58, Issues 1-4, 1992, 241-287, doi : 10.1016 / 0301-9268 (92) 90121-4 .

Selected awards, receptacles, and fellowships

• George Sarton Award Lecture, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2004 ^[20]
• American Philosophical Society Sabbatical Fellowship, 2001-2002. ^[21]
• National Science Foundation Young Investigator Award, 1994-1999. ^[22]
• National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowship for University Teachers, 1993-94. ^[23]
• Society of Economic Geologists Lindgren Prize for outstanding work by a young scientist, 1993. ^[24]
• Ritter Memorial Fellowship in History of Marine Sciences, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1994. ^[25]
• Listed, Who’s Who in American Science and Engineering, Who’s Who in the West. ^[23]
• Elected a Fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry , 2015. ^[26]

Notes and references